Highlights of Ophthalmology

Register      Login

SEARCH WITHIN CONTENT

FIND ARTICLE

Volume / Issue

Online First

Archive
Related articles

VOLUME 52 , ISSUE 3ENG ( June, 2024 ) > List of Articles

A Descriptive Study on Post Recovery Ocular Sequelae in Covid-19 Patients

Agrima Bhatia, Sridhara Reddy, Nithya Nair, Mansur Ali Khan, S. Mohan

Keywords : Covid-19, ocular sequelae, retinal hemorrhages, Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR), epiretinal membrane (ERM), Cilioretinal artery occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), Mucormycosis

Citation Information : Bhatia A, Reddy S, Nair N, Khan MA, Mohan S. A Descriptive Study on Post Recovery Ocular Sequelae in Covid-19 Patients. 2024; 52 (3ENG):22-31.

DOI: 10.5005/hoe-10101-52303

Published Online: 25-06-2024

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2024; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.


Abstract

Purpose: To sum up ophthalmological features of the Covid-19 and effects that its therapies may have on the ocular tissues, even after recovery. There is general uncertainty about ocular sequelae in Covid-19 patients which corresponds to our data needs and this research can help us narrow down to concrete, researchable findings. The established literature so far primarily focuses on ocular manifestations during Covid-19. Methods: Cross-sectional observation study conducted in a tertiary care, teaching hospital on all patients >18 years. Study population of 105 patients included all adult Covid-19 positive patients 10 days after symptom onset plus at least 3 additional days without symptoms and who have been discharged. Patients were followed up on day 15, day 30 and day 90 post recovery to screen for ocular sequelae such as retinal alterations and other parameters like changes in visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and ocular surface manifestations. Results: Sixty-one patients had no abnormalities on eye examination. Retinal hemorrhages were found in 4 patients (4%) and small drusens were noted in 6 cases (6%). Two cases each of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) in young and epiretinal membrane were noted. Single patients also presented with cilioretinal artery occlusion and central retinal vein occlusion. Orbital mucormycosis was noted in 17 cases with periorbital swelling (16%). Endophthalmitis was noted in 1 patient (1%) and retrobulbar optic neuritis (unilateral) was observed in 4 patients (4%). Conclusion: Covid-19 has innumerable ophthalmological manifestations and sequelae ranging from mild surface disorders to severe ocular morbidities. These may be attributed to the direct effects of the disease or the indirect effects of it. Hence, we recommend all patients of Covid-19 should undergo detailed eye evaluation and screening even post recovery to curtail ocular morbidities especially in terms of development of cataract, glaucoma, vascular occlusions, and the late complication of mucormycosis.


PDF Share
  1. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England journal of medicine. 2020 Apr 30;382(18):1708-20.
  2. Petersen E, Hui D, Hamer DH, Blumberg L, Madoff LC, Pollack M, et al. Li Wenliang, a face to the frontline healthcare worker. The first doctor to notify the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2, (COVID-19), outbreak. International journal of infectious diseases. 2020 Apr 1;93:205-7.
  3. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. The lancet. 2020 Feb 22;395(10224):565-74.
  4. Gangaputra SS, Patel SN. Ocular symptoms among non hospitalized patients who underwent COVID-19 testing. Ophthalmology. 2020 Oct 1;127(10):1425-7.
  5. McHarg M, Wang Y, Yakin M, Zeleny A, Caplash S, Sen HN, et al. Ocular Symptoms In COVID-19 Infection: A Survey Study. Research square. 2022 Jun 1:rs-3.
  6. Chen L, Deng C, Chen X, Zhang X, Chen B, Yu H, et al Ocular manifestations and clinical characteristics of 535 cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional study. Acta ophthalmologica. 2020 Dec;98(8):e951-9.
  7. Shaikh N, Al Mahdi H, Pai A, Pathare A, Abujaber AA, Dsliva A, et al Ocular manifestations of COVID-19: facts and figures from a tertiary care center. Annals of Medicine. 2022 Dec 31;54(1):310-3.
  8. Feng Y, Park J, Zhou Y, Armenti ST, Musch DC, Mian SI. Ocular manifestations of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care academic medical center in the United States: a cross-sectional study. Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, NZ). 2021;15:1551.
  9. Abrishami M, Tohidinezhad F, Daneshvar R, Omidtabrizi A, Amini M, Sedaghat A, et al Ocular manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Northeast of Iran. Ocular immunology and inflammation. 2020 Jul 3;28(5):739-44.
  10. Terpos E, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Elalamy I, Kastritis E, Sergentanis TN, Politou M, et al Hematological findings and complications of COVID-19. American journal of hematology. 2020 Jul;95(7):834-47.
  11. De Jong FJ, Ikram MK, Witteman JC, Hofman A, De Jong PT, Breteler MM. Retinal vessel diameters and the role of inflammation in cerebrovascular disease. Annals of Neurology: Official Journal of the American Neurological Association and the Child Neurology Society. 2007 May;61(5):491-5.
  12. Invernizzi A, Torre A, Parrulli S, Zicarelli F, Schiuma M, Colombo V, et al Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19: Results from the SERPICO-19 study. EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Oct 1;27:100550.
  13. Marinho PM, Marcos AA, Romano AC, Nascimento H, Belfort R. Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19. The Lancet. 2020 May 23;395(10237):1610.
  14. Costa ÍF, Bonifácio LP, Bellissimo-Rodrigues F, Rocha EM, Jorge R, Bollela VR, et al Ocular findings among patients surviving COVID-19. Scientific Reports. 2021 May 26;11(1):1-6.
  15. Goyal M, Murthy SI, Annum S. Retinal manifestations in patients following COVID-19 infection: A consecutive case series. Indian journal of ophthalmology. 2021 May;69(5):1275.
  16. Benito-Pascual B, Gegúndez JA, Díaz-Valle D, Arriola-Villalobos P, Carreño E, Culebras E, et al. Panuveitis and optic neuritis as a possible initial presentation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Ocular Immunology and Inflammation. 2020 Aug 17;28(6):922-5.
  17. Dipu T, Goel R, Arora R, Thakar M, Gautam A, Shah S, et al Ocular sequelae in severe COVID-19 recovered patients of second wave. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2022 May 1;70(5):1780-6.
  18. Tohamy D, Sharaf M, Abdelazeem K, Saleh MGA, Rateb MF, Soliman W, et al Ocular Manifestations of Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, Upper Egypt Early Report. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2021 Jul 23;14:1935-1944.
  19. James ER. The etiology of steroid cataract. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2007 Oct 1;23(5):403-20.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.